Ungdomsfängelser skapar destruktiv identitet
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Igår 06:00
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8 Min

Foto: Adam Ihse/TT. Kollage: Kvartal
Hur ska vi hantera unga kriminella? Peter Andersson, som är forskare i socialt arbete, gör nedslag i forskningsläget.
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Det finns ögonblick då samhällen tvingas stanna upp och se på sina barn med en blick som både är förtvivlad och alltför snabb. I Sverige befinner vi oss just nu i ett sådant ögonblick. En våldsspiral har ristat sig in i det offentliga med en skärpa, men det är en märklig tanke att ett samhälle som i andra avseenden vaktar omsorgsfullt över barndomens sårbarhet plötsligt finner det rimligt att föreslå fängelse som lösningen för 13-åringar.
Skribent
Fotnoter
Marie Sallnäs, Barnavårdens institutioner: framväxt, ideologi och struktur. (Stockholm, Stockholms universitet, 2000); Cleas Levin, Uppfostringsanstalten: Om tvång i föräldrars ställe. (Lund, Arkiv, 1998).
Lorraine Sherr, Kathryn J. Roberts, & Natasha Gandhi. Child violence experiences in institutionalised & orphanage care, Psychology, Health & Medicine nr. 22 (2017): 31-57.
Detta problematiseras på konstruktivt sätt av bl.a. Bruce Henderson. Is there a need for residential care or not?, European Journal of Social Work 28, nr. 6 (2025): 1375-1385. och James Whittaker m.fl. Therapeutic residential care for children and youth: A consensus statement of the international work group on therapeutic residential care, Residential treatment for children & youth 33, nr. 2 (2016): 89-106.
Stephanie Steels & Harriet Simpson. Perceptions of children in residential care homes: A critical review of the literature, British Journal of Social Work 47, nr. 6 (2017): 1704-1722; Erik Knorth, m.fl. Under one roof: A review and selective meta-analysis on the outcomes of residential child and youth care. Children and youth services review 30, nr. 2 (2008): 123-140; James Anglin. Creating “well-functioning” residential care and defining its place in a system of care, Child and youth care forum 33, nr. 3 (2004): 175-192.
James Anglin & Bruce Henderson. A critical dialogue on residential care for children and youth: What we really know and questions of quality, Residential Treatment for Children & Youth 41, nr. 2 (2024): 135-151.
Fleur Souverein m.fl. Relational security: conceptualization and operationalization in small-scale, strengths-based, community-embedded youth justice facilities. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 17, nr. 1 (2023): 99; Sanne Oostermeijer, Poni Tongun & Diana Johns. Relational security: Balancing care and control in a youth justice detention setting in Australia. Children and Youth Services Review 156 (2024): 107312; Annemiek Harder, Erik Knorth, & Margrite Kalverboer. A secure base? The adolescent–staff relationship in secure residential youth care. Child & Family Social Work 18, nr.3 (2013): 305-317.
Annemiek Harder. Residential care and cure: Achieving enduring behavior change with youth by using a self-determination, common factors and motivational interviewing approach. Residential treatment for children & youth 35, nr.4 (2018): 317-335; Sigrid James. Implementing evidence-based practice in residential care: How far have we come? Residential Treatment for Children & Youth 34, nr. 2 (2017): 155-175.
Fleur Souverein m.fl. Relational security: conceptualization and operationalization in small-scale, strengths-based, community-embedded youth justice facilities. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 17, nr. 1 (2023): 99; Elizabeth Farmer m.fl. Would we know it if we saw it? Assessing quality of care in group homes for youth. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 25, nr. 1 (2017): 28-36; Andrew Day, Michael Daffern & Pam Simmons. Use of restraint in residential care settings for children and young people. Psychiatry, psychology and law 17, nr.2 (2010): 230-244.
Deborah Sellers m.fl. Child feelings of safety in residential care: The supporting role of adult-child relationships. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth 37, nr.2 (2020): 136-155; Mona Khoury-Kassabri & Shalhevet Attar-Schwartz. Adolescents’ reports of physical violence by peers in residential care settings: An ecological examination. Journal of interpersonal violence 29, nr. 4 (2014): 659-682; Shalhevet Attar-Schwartz. Maltreatment by staff in residential care facilities: The adolescents’ perspectives. Social Service Review 85, nr. 4 (2011): 635-664.
Jonathan Leipoldt m.fl. Determinants and outcomes of social climate in therapeutic residential youth care: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review 99 (2019): 429-440.
Tim Moore m.fl. Young people's views on safety and preventing abuse and harm in residential care:“It's got to be better than home”. Children and youth services review 81 (2017): 212-219; Christine Barter m.fl. Peer violence in children's residential care. (Springer, 2004).
Thomas Dishion, Joan McCord & Francois Poulin. When interventions harm: Peer groups and problem behavior. American psychologist 54, nr. 9 (1999): 755.
Jonathan Leipoldt m.fl. Determinants and outcomes of social climate in therapeutic residential youth care: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review 99 (2019): 429-440.
Jfr. Michel Foucault. Övervakning och straff: fängelsets födelse. (Arkiv, 2003); Erving Goffman. Totala institutioner: fyra essäer om anstaltslivets sociala villkor (2: a uppl.). (Stockholm, Norstedts akademiska förlag, 2014).
Anna Gradin Franzén. Responsibilization and discipline: Subject positioning at a youth detention home”, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 44, nr. 3 (2015): 251–279; Torsten Kolind, Thomas Friis Søgaard, Geoffrey Hunt & Birgitte Thylstrup. Transitional narratives of identity among ethnic minority youth gangs in Denmark: From collectivism to individualism, Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 18, nr. 1 (2017): 3–19; Laura Abrams & Anna Hyun. Mapping a process of negotiated identity among incarcerated male juvenile offenders, Youth & Society 41, nr. 1 (2009): 26–52; Robert Peacock and Aubrey Theron. Identity development of the incarcerated adolescent with particular reference to prison gang membership. Acta Criminologica 20, nr. 3 (2007): 61–74.
Jfr. David Pålsson. Institutionsvård för barn och unga - en kunskapsöversikt. I: Hem för barn och unga. För en trygg, säker och meningsfull vård. Bilaga 5, Statens offentliga utredningar, 84 (2025): 899-947.
Jfr. David Pålsson. Institutionsvård för barn och unga - en kunskapsöversikt. I: Hem för barn och unga. För en trygg, säker och meningsfull vård. Bilaga 5, Statens offentliga utredningar, 84 (2025): 899-947.


